.NET Programming Standards and Naming Conventions

Common .NET Naming Conventions

These are the industry-accepted standard naming conventions for J#, C# and VB.NET programs. For additional information, please see the MSDN help documentation and FX Cop. While individual naming conventions at organizations may vary (Microsoft only suggests conventions for public and protected items), the list below is quickly becoming the de-facto standard in the industry. Please note the absence of Hungarian Notation except in visual controls. These naming standards should find their way into all of your .NET development, including ASP.NET Web applications and .NET Windows Forms applications.

Note that while this document predates the online and printed standards documentation from Microsoft, everything below which indicates it is based on .NET library standards is consistent with that documentation. In areas where Microsoft has not provided guidance (Microsoft generally doesn't care what you do in private/non-exposed code. In fact, they aren't even consistant in their internal code in the .NET framework), de facto standards have emerged, and I have captured them here.

The "ux" naming convention for controls is something I have added and found to be helpful. It is not based on any official standards, but instead based upon a multitude of projects by my teams and others, as well as on-line discussions on the topic. While I strongly recommend that you follow Microsoft guidelines when present, I encourage you to try out the items marked as extensions below and see how they work for you before committing to them.

Type	Standard / Convention	Example
Namespaces	Standard Based Upon Microsoft .NET Library Standards Pascal Case, no underscores. Use CompanyName.TechnologyName as root. If you don't have a company, use your domain name or your own initials. Note that any acronyms of three or more letters should be pascal case (Xml instead of XML) instead of all caps. Why: This convention is consistent with the .NET Framework and is easy to read.	AppliedIS.TimeCard.BusinessRules IrritatedVowel.Controllers PeteBrown.DotNetTraining.InheritanceDemo PeteBrown.DotNetTraining.Xml
Assemblies	Standard Based Upon Microsoft .NET Library Standards If the assembly contains a single name space, or has an entire self-contained root namespace, name the assembly the same name as the namespace. Why: This convention is consistent with the .NET Framework and is easy to read. More importantly, however, it keeps your assembly names and namespaces lined up, making it really easy to figure out what is any particular assembly, and what assembly you need to reference for any given class.	AppliedIS.TimeCard.BusinessRules.dll IrritatedVowel.Controllers.dll
Classes and Structs	Standard Based Upon Microsoft .NET Library Standards Pascal Case, no underscores or leading "C" or "cls". Classes may begin with an "I" only if the letter following the I is not capitalized, otherwise it looks like an Interface. Classes should not have the same name as the namespace in which they reside. Any acronyms of three or more letters should be pascal case, not all caps. Try to avoid abbreviations, and try to always use nouns. Why: This convention is consistent with the .NET Framework and is easy to read.	Widget InstanceManager XmlDocument MainForm DocumentForm HeaderControl CustomerListDataSet (typed dataset)
Collection Classes	Standard Based Upon Microsoft .NET Library Standards Follow class naming conventions, but add Collection to the end of the name Why: This convention is consistent with the .NET Framework and is easy to read.	WidgetCollection
Delegate Classes	Standard Based Upon Microsoft .NET Library Standards Follow class naming conventions, but add Delegate to the end of the name Why: This convention is consistent with the .NET Framework and is easy to read.	WidgetCallbackDelegate
Exception Classes	Standard Based Upon Microsoft .NET Library Standards Follow class naming conventions, but add Exception to the end of the name Why: This convention is consistent with the .NET Framework and is easy to read.	InvalidTransactionException
Attribute Classes	Standard Based Upon Microsoft .NET Library Standards Follow class naming conventions, but add Attribute to the end of the name Why: This convention is consistent with the .NET Framework and is easy to read.	WebServiceAttribute
Interfaces	Standard Based Upon Microsoft .NET Library Standards Follow class naming conventions, but start the name with "I" and capitalize the letter following the "I" Why: This convention is consistent with the .NET Framework and is easy to read. It also distinguishes classes from interfaces, where (unlike in VB6) are truly different beings. This avoid name collisions as well, as it is quite common to have IFoo and a class named Foo that implements IFoo.	IWidget
Enumerations	Standard Based Upon Microsoft .NET Library Standards Follow class naming conventions. Do not add "Enum" to the end of the enumeration name. If the enumeration represents a set of bitwise flags, end the name with a plural. Why: This convention is consistent with the .NET Framework and is easy to read.	SearchOptions (bitwise flags) AcceptRejectRule (normal enum)
Functions and Subs	Standard Based Upon Microsoft .NET Library Standards Pascal Case, no underscores except in the event handlers. Try to avoid abbreviations. Many programmers have a nasty habit of overly abbreviating everything. This should be discouraged. Functions and subs must differ by more than case to be usable from case-insensitive languages like Visual Basic .NET Why: This convention is consistent with the .NET Framework and is easy to read.	VB: Public Sub DoSomething(...) C#: public void DoSomething(...)
Properties and Public * Member Variables	Standard Based Upon Microsoft .NET Library Standards Pascal Case, no underscores. Try to avoid abbreviations. Members must differ by more than case to be usable from case-insensitive languages like Visual Basic .NET. Why: This convention is consistent with the .NET Framework and is easy to read.	VB: Public Property RecordID As Integer C#: public int RecordID
Parameters	Standard Based Upon Microsoft .NET Library Standards Camel Case. Try to avoid abbreviations. Parameters must differ by more than case to be usable from case-insensitive languages like Visual Basic .NET. Why: This convention is consistent with the .NET Framework and is easy to read.	VB: ByRef recordID As Integer C#: ref int recordID
Procedure-Level Variables	Standard Based Upon De facto Industry-Accepted Practices Camel Case Why: This convention is consistent with the .NET Framework and is easy to read. It also avoids naming collisions with class-level variables (see below)	VB: Dim recordID As Integer C#: int recordID ;
Class-Level Private and Protected Variables	Standard Based Upon De facto Industry-Accepted Practices Camel Case with Leading Underscore. In VB.NET, always indicate "Protected" or "Private", do not use "Dim". Use of "m_" is discouraged, as is use of a variable name that differs from the property by only case, especially with protected variables as that violates compliance, and will make your life a pain if you program in VB.NET, as you would have to name your members something different from the accessor/mutator properties. Of all the items here, the leading underscore is really the only controversial one. I personally prefer it over straight underscore-less camel case for my private variables so that I don't have to qualify variable names with "this." to distinguish from parameters in constructors or elsewhere where I likely will have a naming collision. With VB.NET's case insensitivity, this is even more important as your accessor properties will usually have the same name as your private member variables except for the underscore. As far as m_ goes, it is really just about aesthetics. I (and many others) find m_ ugly, as it looks like there is a hole in the variable name. It's almost offensive. I used to use it in VB6 all the time, but that was only because variables could not have a leading underscore. I couldn't be happier to see it go away. Microsoft recommends against the m_ (and the straight _) even though they did both in their code. Also, prefixing with a straight "m" is right out. Of course, since they code mainly in C#, they can have private members that differ only in case from the properties. VB folks have to do something else. Rather than try and come up with language-by-language special cases, I recommend the leading underscore for all languages that will support it. If I want my class to be fully CLS-compliant, I could leave off the prefix on any C# protected member variables. In practice, however, I never worry about this as I keep all potentially protected member variables private, and supply protected accessors and mutators instead. Why: In a nutshell, this convention is simple (one character), easy to read (your eye is not distracted by other leading characters), and successfully avoids naming collisions with procedure-level variables and class-level properties.	VB: Private _recordID As Integer C#: private int _recordID ;
Controls on Forms	An Extension to the Standards In recent projects (since 2002 or so), I have taken to a single prefix for all my UI controls. I typically use "ux" (I used to use "ui", but it wasn't set apart well in intellisense). "ux" comes from my usual design abbreviations where it means "User eXperience", which has also since become a popular acronym. I have found this to be extremely helpful in that I get the desired grouping in the intellisense even better than if I use "txt", "lbl" etc. It also allows you to change combo boxes to text boxes etc. without having to change the names - something that happens often during initial prototyping, or when programming using highly iterative agile/xp methodologies. Why: This convention avoids problems with changing control types (textboxes to drop-down lists, or simple text box to some uber textbox, or text box to date picker, for example), and groups the items together in intellisense. It is also much shorter than most Hungarian conventions, and definitely shorter and less type-dependent than appending the control type to the end of the variable name. I will use generic suffixes which allow me enough freedom to change them around.	"ux" prefix uxUserID, uxHeader, uxPatientDateOfBirth, uxSubmit
Constants	Standard Based Upon Microsoft .NET Library Standards Same naming conventions as public/private member variables or procedure variables of the same scope. If exposed publicly from a class, use PascalCase. If private to a function/sub, use camelCase.. Do not use SCREAMING_CAPS Why: This convention is consistent with the .NET Framework and is easy to read. A sizable section of the Framework Design Guidelines is dedicated to why they chose not to go the SCREAMING_CAPS route. Using SCREAMING_CAPS also exposes more of the implementation than is necessary. Why should a consumer need to know if you have an enum, or (perhaps because they are strings) a class exposing public constants? In the end, you often want to treat them the same way, and black-box the implementation. This convention satisfies that criteria.	SomeClass.SomePublicConstant localConstant _privateClassScopedConstant

* Public class-level variables are universally frowned upon. It is considered to be a much better practice to use property procedures (accessors and mutators) to provide read and/or write access to a private member variable. If you must expose a member variable to other classes using "Public", follow the property naming conventions, but don't complain if your guilty conscience keeps you up at night ;-).

Please don't copy and paste these conventions on your own site. Feel free instead to link directly to this page. That way you get the ability to automatically get updates when I make them, as well as get that warm fuzzy you get by not copying someone else's work. Schools and accredited educational institutions can paste these conventions on their own sites if and only if they include a direct link to this page an an attribution for the source of the information from "Pete Brown's irritatedVowel.com". Thank you for respecting my wishes on this.

You Can find the standards for publicly exposed classes/properties etc at MSDN . If you want to run a tool to validate your code for public standards and required practices, download FXCop or use the analysis tools in Visual Studio 2005+।